Environment and Ecology Part 4: Ramsar Wetlands and the Conservation Rs 100-Crore Question, Exam-Ready Notes

Ramsar is the fastest-growing site list in Indian environment policy.

Ramsar basics

• Convention 1971, Ramsar, Iran; wise-use principle.
• India crossed 85 sites in 2025, from 26 in 2012; Tamil Nadu leads states; Sundarbans is the largest.

Domestic frame

• Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules 2017; state wetland authorities.
• National Wetland Inventory mapped over two lakh wetlands; Amrit Dharohar 2023 funds prioritised sites.

Revise in 30 seconds

• Ramsar 1971; wise-use is the keyword.
• India at 85+ sites; TN tops the table.
• 2017 Rules govern non-Ramsar wetlands too.