Human Resource Management Part 6: Industrial Relations and the Dispute Machinery

IR machinery: unions, collective bargaining and the dispute resolution ladder.

Actors and frames

• Tripartite: workers-unions, employers, the state with conciliation machinery.
• Union structures: craft, industrial, general, federations; registration and fair practices baseline.

Collective bargaining

• Distributive vs integrative bargaining; negotiation stages: preparation, proposal, bargaining, settlement.
• Works committees and joint councils for participative management; grievance redressal procedure steps.

Dispute machinery ladder

• Conciliation → mediation → voluntary arbitration → adjudication (labour court, tribunal, national tribunal).
• ID Act dispute notice, strike-lockout notice periods, public-utility service restrictions.

Revise in 30 seconds

• Tripartite system.
• Distributive vs integrative bargaining.
• Conciliation to adjudication ladder.
• ID Act notice periods matter.