1 min read · 106 words
Communalism questions reward theory frames plus restraint with data.
Theory frames
- Bipan Chandra: communalism as false consciousness of shared interests — communal nationalism.
- Three stages: mild, moderate, extreme; colonial divide-and-rule institutionalised it.
State data points
- NCRB communal-riot trend declining from the 1990s peak; urban clusters dominate.
- Sachar Committee 2006 on minority socio-economic gaps; Ranganath Misra report history.
Secular models and law
- Indian positive secularism: equal respect, not strict separation; Articles 25-28 architecture.
- Places of Worship Act 1991; SC proceedings on its validity — cite as a live file.
Revise in 30 seconds
- Bipan Chandra: false-consciousness frame.
- Sachar 2006: the data anchor.
- Indian secularism: principled equal respect.
- Places of Worship Act: 1991, under challenge.
Quick revision
- Bipan Chandra: communalism as false consciousness of shared interests — communal nationalism.
- Three stages: mild, moderate, extreme; colonial divide-and-rule institutionalised it.
- NCRB communal-riot trend declining from the 1990s peak; urban clusters dominate.
- Sachar Committee 2006 on minority socio-economic gaps; Ranganath Misra report history.
- Indian positive secularism: equal respect, not strict separation; Articles 25-28 architecture.
- Places of Worship Act 1991; SC proceedings on its validity — cite as a live file.
