Environment and Ecology Part 5: Forest Types of India and the Forest (Conservation) Amendment, Exam-Ready Notes

1 min read · 105 words
Civil ExamsCivil Services1 min read

Forest geography plus one live legal controversy: the 2023 amendment.

On this page

  1. Types on the ground
  2. Numbers
  3. Law
  4. Revise in 30 seconds

Types on the ground

  • Champion and Seth 16 types: tropical evergreen above 200 cm rain, moist and dry deciduous, thorn, montane, littoral and swamp, alpine.
  • Mangroves: Sundarbans largest; Coringa second.

Numbers

  • ISFR is biennial by FSI: forest cover 21.7% of area, forest plus trees about 25%.
  • Very dense forest roughly a tenth of forest cover; Madhya Pradesh largest by area, Mizoram by percent.

Law

  • FCA 1980 diverted forest land; Godavarman 1996 defined forest by dictionary sense.
  • 2023 amendment exempts thin linear strips and 100 km border works; states and SC pushback continue.

Revise in 30 seconds

  • 16 Champion-Seth types.
  • Forest cover 21.7% (ISFR).
  • 2023 amendment = strip-forest exemption row.

Quick revision

  • Champion and Seth 16 types: tropical evergreen above 200 cm rain, moist and dry deciduous, thorn, montane, littoral and swamp, alpine.
  • Mangroves: Sundarbans largest; Coringa second.
  • ISFR is biennial by FSI: forest cover 21.7% of area, forest plus trees about 25%.
  • Very dense forest roughly a tenth of forest cover; Madhya Pradesh largest by area, Mizoram by percent.
  • FCA 1980 diverted forest land; Godavarman 1996 defined forest by dictionary sense.
  • 2023 amendment exempts thin linear strips and 100 km border works; states and SC pushback continue.